A multi-country retrospective analysis of the impact of reactive OCV campaigns
Study design
Retrospective survey
Context
The global OCV stockpile was established in 2013 to ensure rapid availability of OCV as part of effective cholera outbreak response. As of the end of March 2024, 127 million doses of OCV have been approved and shipped to 28 countries for use in reactive campaigns.
In January 2023, the WHO classified the global resurgence of cholera as a grade 3 emergency. The global capacity to respond to multiple concurrent outbreaks continues to be strained due to the global lack of resources, including shortages of the Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV), as well as overstretched public health and medical personnel.
Current guidelines for OCV allocation are based on the potential impact of vaccination, as well as feasibility of a vaccination campaign and stockpile availability. Aside from a few individual case studies, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the impact of previous emergency OCV deployments. A multi-country retrospective analysis of reactive OCV campaigns will provide critical evidence for informing guidelines for OCV campaign planning, allocation and implementation.
The overall aim of this study is therefore to generate evidence for efficient planning and implementation of reactive OCV campaigns by quantifying their short- and long-term impact on cholera transmission and persistence.
Our role
Coordination
Partners
Programme National d'Élimination du Choléra, DRC; Programme Elargi de Vaccination, DRC; Ethiopian Public Health Institute; Ministère de la Santé Publique, de la Population et des Affaires Sociales (MSPPAS), Niger; Nigeria Centre for Disease Control; National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Nigeria; Malawi World Health Organisation Country Office; Malawi Ministry of Health; Public Health Institute of Malawi; Blantyre Institute for Community Outreach; National Institute of Health, Mozambique; Somalia World Health Organisation Country Office; Somalia Ministry of Health; Zambia National Public Health Institute; Zambia Ministry of Health, Johns Hopkins University; Médecins Sans Frontières; World Health Organisation
Primary objectives
- Assess the short-term population-level impact of historic reactive OCV campaigns and evaluate the impact of campaign timing on outbreak size and duration.
- Quantify the mid-to-long-term population-level impact of reactive OCV campaigns on cholera incidence and persistence.
- Evaluate methods for estimating individual-level protection of OCV vaccination against infection and severe outcomes using routinely-collected surveillance data.
- Propose evidence-based criteria for planning of reactive OCV campaigns, including timing, number of doses and target coverage.
- Conduct workshops with country-based collaborators and stakeholders to develop frameworks for planning and implementing effective OCV campaigns.
