Neuro-inflammatory risk factors for treatment failure in "early second stage" sleeping sickness patients treated with pentamidine.

In a clinical trial on efficacy of Pentamidine in second stage Trypanosoma brucei gambiense patients with /=4 and LATEX/T.b. gambiense positive CSF, were associated with treatment failure. Detection of intrathecal IgM synthesis is valuable for assessment of brain involvement and treatment decision.